Unit 3: Key Words and Definitions

Unit 3. Europe in the Age of Carlos V and Felipe II

1. Indulgences: Declarations by the Catholic Church to have all or some of an individual’s punishment in purgatory remitted.
2. Protestantism: It is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation. It began in Northern Europe in the early 16^th century as a reaction to medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices. It was initiated by Martin Luther.
3. Calvinism: It was a type of Protestantism created by John Calvin. They believed in predestination, that is, each person is destined by God to eternal condemnation or salvation.
4. Huguenots: They were French Protestants, most of whom eventually came to follow the teachings of John Calvin. They were forced to flee France in the 16^th and 17^th centuries.
5. Comuneros: Citizens of Castilla (especially bourgeoisie) who revolted against the rule of Carlos I and his administration between 1520 and 1521. They were against the king’s foreign advisers and the rise of taxes.
6. Tercios: Infantry that marched in a close formation and consisted of various types of soldiers who went into battle alternately.
7. Plateresque: Artistic style characterized by a lot of meticulous, ornate decoration, which totally covered the façades of the buildings.